Waste management - how?
Wastes
Types of radioactive waste
High-level waste
Management of spent fuel
Low- and intermediate-level waste
Volumes
Transport
Radiation and radioactive waste
Transmutation
Waste producers
Nuclear power plants
Nuclear fuel cycle
Reprocessing
Operational waste from NPPs
Decommissioning of NPPs
Medicine, industry and research
Waste management concept
Waste management programme
Why deep geological disposal?
Ethics and responsibility
Waste management options
Demonstration of disposal feasibility
Long-term safety
Retrievability
Deep geological repositories
Geological repository HLW
Geological repository LLW
Waste management today
Packaging
Interim storage
Waste inventories
Natural analogues
Natural analogues for engineered barriers
Natural analogues for glass
Natural analogues for metal
Natural analogues for clay
Natural analogues for geological barriers
Geological barriers – cristalline rock
Geological barriers – clay
Example ammonite
Example salt deposit
Natural reactors
Research
Laboratory studies
Rock laboratories
Grimsel
Geology
Experiments
Mont Terri
Geology
Experiments
Other countries
Belgium
Finland
France
Germany
The Netherlands
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Canada
Japan
USA
Wastes
We consume raw materials and energy on a daily basis. This produces gaseous, liquid and solid wastes. Some of this waste can be recycled and the remainder has to be disposed of safely. Respect for the environment, mankind and biota demands that we find and implement sustainable waste management solutions.
Radioactive wastes have to be isolated from the human environment for the duration of their toxicity and managed safely. Carefully implemented procedures and proper practices can ensure that no adverse effects will result.
"Thorough preparation for, and implementation of, waste disposal solutions begins with knowledge of waste origins, volumes and composition. For this reason, Nagra has developed a waste inventory and has assumed responsibility for maintaining and updating the information contained in it."
Harald Maxeiner, Head, Radioactive Materials Division
